Dayton Daily News Library
The Dayton Dream
Local baby boomers focused on the music and culture of the black experience
By Nichelle Smith Dayton Daily News
Published: Sunday, April 5, 1998
Sidebar to Part 1
A hard,
driving bass, and lyrics that speak bluntly about the black street experience.
An unadulterated African rhythm.
A glimpse of the outrageous - who can forget the Ohio Players song Funky Worm?
In the words of Lakeside, it was `all the way live.'
The Dayton funk music sound grew out of the lives, culture and experiences
that many black baby boomers shared. It's no secret that popular culture
reflects the times. And artists, whether they are musical, visual or literary,
routinely draw on life experiences.
But clothes and fashions do also.
In 1968, America was dealing with the assassination of Martin Luther King
Jr. and the shifting of the civil rights movement into something more
demanding. Across the nation, blacks were expressing their frustration with
racism through riots. They were also asserting a newfound pride and
independence. And that came through in the clothes and styles of the times.
Michael Sampson, now 43, was starting high school just as blacks began to
assert their newfound rights. In West Dayton, `We had the Afrocentric thing
happening. We definitely were into the identity. Everybody had an Afro pick or
an Afro comb in their pocket. `
Sampson
said, W.S. McIntosh, one of the organizers of the 1963 picket against Rike's
department store, was the owner of a `head shop' where people could buy black
lights, black greeting cards, other things that had to do with black culture.
It was there that Dayton blacks may have first learned about tikis, small
figurines and masks of African gods on a chain.
`With your tiki and your Afro you were good to go,' he said, adding that
there were some who wore dashikis as well as a symbol of their blackness.
`There were a number of influences coming together that made us proud of who
we were,' Sampson said.
Throughout Dayton, young black artists `picked up on that sense of `black
is beautiful,' and took the feeling of success of the civil rights movement
and tried to express it through art,' said Margaret Peters, 62, a historian
and author of the book Dayton's African American Heritage. In 1968, Jeraldyne
Blunden founded the Dayton Contemporary Dance Company. Clarence Young III
founded Theater West.
In the arts, blacks felt invincible and empowered. Jesse Scott, 27, a
graduate assistant in the popular culture department at Bowling Green State
University, said `If you look at Shaft or any of Pam Grier's movies, you can
see how we became heroes. It's about blacks saving themselves when the system
in place doesn't.'
That might explain why Generation X musicians and moviemakers today look
back on the `old school' for inspiration. Newjack musicians such as R. Kelly
routinely sample the Isley Brothers, and crooners like Chico DeBarge and
D'Angelo evoke Marvin Gaye or Curtis Mayfield. Films like Quentin Tarantino's
Jackie Brown set the '70s mood with Foxy Brown star Grier in the lead.
If measured in terms of national popularity, Dayton's greatest cultural
expression by black baby boomers was in R&B music. During the '70s and early
'80s, nine funk bands from Dayton reached national prominence, including the
Ohio Players, Lakeside, Heatwave, Slave and Zapp featuring Roger Troutman.
In September, the National Afro-American Museum and Cultural Center in
Wilberforce will open an exhibit chronicling the evolution of `the Dayton
sound.' Indiana University ethnomusicologist Portia Maultsby, curator of the
exhibit, is writing a book on the phenomenon.
`People are familiar with the Motown sound, the (Memphis) Stax sound, the
sound of Philadelphia and Prince and the Minneapolis sound, but people have
never realized `the Dayton sound,'' said Sampson, spokesman for the museum.
That sound, Sampson said, was rawer and less refined than the Motown sound
or music of the '50s, and it had an infectious rhythm. Lakeside popularized
the slang of Dayton blacks, telling the world to take a Fantastic Voyage to
the `Land of Funk,' referring to an area in West Dayton, he said. And Roger
popularized the `talkbox' voice device heard recently in the rap songs of Dr.
Dre and Tupac. Key to the popularity of Dayton funk was airplay on WDAO-AM
(1210), the nation's first FM station with a black/urban format, said John
`Turk' Logan, 49, general manager of Central State University's radio station,
WCSU-FM (88.9).
Dayton bands built their reputation on the local chitlin circuit, playing
venues such as Roosevelt High School and Union Hall. Johnnie Wilder, of the
group Heatwave, sang in the glee club and choir at Chaminade High School. And
in 1978, before the group kicked off a national tour, where were they found
rehearsing? In a garage in West Dayton.
According to Scott, members of his generation look a little wistfully at
the good old days. Even today, artists reflect the era and often pour their
discontent into rap music. It's just continuing a trend. `Black popular music
reflects the politics of the time,' Scott said.
Icons and trends of black baby boomers
1960s
Afros and afro picks
Malcolm X
Dashikis
Long, dangling earrings
Nehru jackets
`The Motown Sound,' featuring the Temptations, Marvin Gaye and Aretha
Franklin
Singer James Brown
The Black Panthers
Muhammad Ali
The Black Power movement
1970s
Activist
Angela Davis
Ankle-twisting platform shoes
Corn rows
TV sitcom `Good Times' with John Amos and Esther Rolle
Blaxploi-tation's Richard Roundtree in `Shaft'
TV miniseries `Roots' with LaVar Burton and Ed Asner
Breakdancing
Bell-bottom pants
Angela Davis
Basketball's `Dr. J' - Julius Erving
The rise of Dayton funk - Ohio Players, Heatwave
Cooley High movie
Fat Albert cartoon
Parliament/Funkadelic
Stevie Wonder
Earth Wind and Fire
The Jackson Five
Comedian Richard Pryor
Don Cornelius and Soul Train
Big cars - Cadillacs, Buick 225s
Disco
The Bump
1980s
Singer Michael Jackson
jheri curls
Spunky's nightclub
Roger Troutman and Zapp
Prince
The Electric Slide
Comedian Eddie Murphy
The Cosby Show
Singer Luther Vandross
Singer Whitney Houston
Oprah
Black Entertainment Television
Growing popularity of rap
Boom boxes
Spike Lee's movie Do The Right Thing
Earvin `Magic' Johnson
Jesse Jackson
1990s
Actor Denzel Washington
Sports
figure
Michael Jordan
Sport-utility vehicles
Bald heads
Hair weaves
John Singleton's movie Boyz N the Hood e Old School, which is the
return in popularity of musical groups from the '70s
Actor Wesley Snipes
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